On July 2, 1972, in the aftermath of the Bangladesh Liberation War, India and Pakistan signed the Simla Agreement, a diplomatic endeavour aimed at charting a new course of peaceful coexistence between two nuclear-armed neighbours. It was a significant attempt to move past the scars of war and lay down a mutually agreeable framework for conflict resolution. Ratified by both nations on July 28 and brought into effect on August 4, 1972, the agreement sought to reshape Indo-Pak relations on the principle of bilateralism and mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference.

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